Gynecomastia is an increase in mammary gland or glands in men. True Gynecomastia is caused by the growth of glandular tissue (breast tissue), false Gynecomastia is associated with massive fatty deposits with obesity, which increases the size of thebreast.
The main manifestation of Gynecomastia is the development of breast tissue in the sealand its increase. Unlike fat, fibroadipoznaâ cloth or tissue with Gynecomastia, has a higher density. Gynecomastia may be accompanied by painful when touching. The paincaused by the rapid growth of glandular tissue. Subsequently, the pain can shrink and disappear.
Why is there a gynecomastia?
Unilateral gynecomastia
True Gynecomastia occurs as a result of the predominance of men in the body of female sex hormones. Normally, these hormones, as well as male sex hormones,produced in the male body. However, their concentration is not high, and they are quickly destroyed by the liver. The value in the development of Gynecomastia is not only an absolute increase in the concentration of estrogens, but their dominance over the androgens. So, Gynecomastia can occur as the process of female sex hormones,and at lower levels of male sex hormones, particularly testosterone.
Estrogen in men can be synthesized in the testicles. However, the reason for the prevalence of estrogen is not rare. Often estrogens synthesized from androgens. This happens in the adipose tissue and liver. Such phenomena occur most often during thedevelopment of the endocrine system. Most commonly Gynecomastia occurs during periods of hormonal adjustment»:
in the newborn
at puberty (from 12 to 15 years old)
in older age (over 45 years)
Gynecomastia in these periods of life of men is common and often this occurrence is called physiological or idiopathic. More rare causes of hormonal adjustments are tumors of adrenal gland, testes, tumors of the pancreas, stomach and lung, primary hypogonadism.
Develop Gynecomastia can also in some medicines. So, most commonly Gynecomastiaare corticosteroids, as well as:
Anabolic steroids
Spironolactone
Flutamide
Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Isoniazid
Creams with estrogen
Metildofa
Metoclopramide
Reserpine
Marijuana
Heroin
Theophylline
Amiodarone
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Tricyclic antidepressants
Fenotiazidy
Digitoksin
Ketoconazole
Diazepam
Film
Phenytoin
Metronidazole
Captopril
Enalapril
Why is gynecomastia?
Gynecomastia in spontaneously regressing, and does not cause any seriousinconvenience to the men. However, in the long-term existence of Gynecomastiaincreases the risk of developing breast cancer. The disease is common in men is relatively rare, but often leads to the same serious consequences as breast cancer in women. Suspicious of breast cancer are symptoms such as bloody discharge from the nipple, the tight seal change skin over education, the emergence of ulceration, the increase in the axillary lymph nodes.
Diagnostics
Usually diagnose of Gynecomastia is seeing the patient, determine the presence of possible causes of the disease. In the absence of compelling reasons, a blood test forserum testosterone, estradiol, LH, FSH, prolactin, tireotropina, chorionic gonadotropin,liver enzymes, nitrogen, urea, creatinine. Performs a chest x-ray. If you increase thelevel of testosterone and human chorionic gonadotropin is ultrasound examination of the testicles, possibly computed tomography of the adrenal glands.
Treatment
Typically, Gynecomastia in adolescent age has regressed spontaneously. In order tosuppress high concentrations of estrogen can be used hormonal drugs — tamoxifenand clomiphene, danazol, dihydrotestosterone, testolactone.
If under the influence of treatment for breast cancer, the need for surgical treatment to correct a cosmetic defect. As a rule, surgery under general anaesthetic.
How to fix a cosmetic defect?
If false or true Gynecomastia Gynecomastia with fatty degeneration glandular tissue of the patient can bother a cosmetic defect. Eliminate the defect is possible only throughsurgical intervention. Surgery involves removal of breast tissue and liposuction isusually removal of fat in areas adjacent to the intervention.
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